分布式光伏發(fā)電是一種將太陽能光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)分散安裝在用戶附近（如屋頂、廠房、空地等），就近發(fā)電、就近利用的清潔能源模式。它與傳統(tǒng)集中式大型光伏電站不同，具有規(guī)模靈活、就地消納的特點，經(jīng)濟性突出，環(huán)保效益顯著，電網(wǎng)協(xié)同性好。因此，分布式光伏作為清潔能源的重要組成部分，被寫入《“十四五”可再生能源發(fā)展規(guī)劃》。

Distributed photovoltaic power generation is a clean energy model that disperses solar photovoltaic power generation systems near users (such as roofs, factories, open spaces, etc.), generates electricity nearby, and utilizes it nearby. It is different from traditional centralized large-scale photovoltaic power plants in that it has the characteristics of flexible scale, on-site consumption, outstanding economy, significant environmental benefits, and good grid synergy. Therefore, distributed photovoltaics, as an important component of clean energy, have been included in the "14th Five Year Plan" for the development of renewable energy.

近些年，國家能源局提出“千家萬戶沐光行動”，推動分布式光伏與建筑、交通、農(nóng)業(yè)等多場景融合。一是整縣推進試點：2021年啟動676個整縣（市、區(qū)）屋頂分布式光伏開發(fā)試點，覆蓋工商業(yè)、公共建筑、農(nóng)村屋頂?shù)?。二是補貼與電價支持：地方層面提供度電補貼（如浙江、廣東），全國實行“自發(fā)自用、余電上網(wǎng)”電價政策。三是綠色金融配套：央行推出碳減排支持工具，鼓勵銀行對分布式光伏項目提供低息貸款。

In recent years, the National Energy Administration has proposed the "Thousand Household Sunshine Action" to promote the integration of distributed photovoltaics with multiple scenarios such as construction, transportation, and agriculture. One is to promote pilot projects throughout the county: 676 county (city, district) rooftop distributed photovoltaic development pilot projects will be launched in 2021, covering industrial and commercial areas, public buildings, rural rooftops, etc. The second is subsidies and electricity price support: local governments provide electricity subsidies (such as Zhejiang and Guangdong), and the country implements a "self use, surplus electricity grid connection" electricity price policy. The third is green finance support: the central bank has launched carbon reduction support tools to encourage banks to provide low interest loans for distributed photovoltaic projects.

光伏發(fā)電的設備分布式地布置在城市、鄉(xiāng)村和工業(yè)園區(qū)等各個用電需求場所附近，通過與配電網(wǎng)連接產(chǎn)生電力，滿足當?shù)赜秒娦枨?。這種發(fā)電方式與傳統(tǒng)的中央化發(fā)電方式不同，在中央化發(fā)電方式中，發(fā)電廠通常建設在偏遠地區(qū)，通過輸電線路將電力輸送到城市或電力消費重點區(qū)域，不僅輸電損耗大，還可能存在輸電過程中產(chǎn)生的電力質(zhì)量問題。

Photovoltaic power generation equipment is distributed near various electricity demand places such as cities, rural areas, and industrial parks, and generates electricity by connecting with the distribution network to meet local electricity demand. This power generation method is different from the traditional centralized power generation method. In the centralized power generation method, power plants are usually built in remote areas and transmit electricity to cities or key areas of electricity consumption through transmission lines. Not only is the transmission loss large, but there may also be power quality problems generated during the transmission process.

分布式光伏發(fā)電技術包括光伏組件、電池、逆變器等多個組成部分。通過光伏組件將太陽能轉換成直流電能，再通過逆變器將直流電能轉換成交流電能，供給當?shù)赜秒娦枨?。分布式光伏發(fā)電具有靈活性強、交互性好、環(huán)保經(jīng)濟等優(yōu)點，能為當?shù)靥峁┣鍧嵞茉?、減少環(huán)境污染更實用。

Distributed photovoltaic power generation technology includes multiple components such as photovoltaic modules, batteries, inverters, etc. By using photovoltaic modules to convert solar energy into direct current energy, and then using inverters to convert direct current energy into alternating current energy, local electricity demand can be met. Distributed photovoltaic power generation has the advantages of strong flexibility, good interactivity, environmental protection and economy, which can provide clean energy and reduce environmental pollution for the local area more practically.

分布式光伏發(fā)電的五大特點是什么？

What are the five characteristics of distributed photovoltaic power generation?

1、分布式光伏發(fā)電可實現(xiàn)就近供電，不必長距離輸送，避免了長距離輸電線路的損失。

1. Distributed photovoltaic power generation can achieve nearby power supply without the need for long-distance transmission, avoiding losses on long-distance transmission lines.

2、太陽能不用燃料，運行成本很低。

2. Solar energy does not require fuel and has low operating costs.

3、太陽能發(fā)電沒有運動部件，不易用損壞，維護簡單，特別適合于無人值守情況下使用。

3. Solar power generation has no moving parts, is not easy to use or damage, is easy to maintain, and is particularly suitable for use in unmanned situations.

4、太陽能發(fā)電不會產(chǎn)生任何廢棄物，沒有污染、噪聲等公害，對環(huán)境無不良影響，是理想的清潔能源。

4. Solar power generation does not generate any waste, has no pollution, noise or other public hazards, and has no adverse impact on the environment. It is an ideal clean energy source.

5、太陽能發(fā)電系統(tǒng)建設周期短，方便靈活，而且可以根據(jù)負荷的增減，任意添加或減少太陽能方陣容量，避免浪費。這些優(yōu)點使得分布式光伏發(fā)電不存在較高的操作難度和危險性，安全性得到了保障，為廣泛推廣提供了現(xiàn)實的可行性。

5. The construction period of solar power generation system is short, convenient and flexible, and it can add or reduce the capacity of solar arrays according to the increase or decrease of load, avoiding waste. These advantages make distributed photovoltaic power generation less difficult and dangerous to operate, ensuring safety and providing practical feasibility for widespread promotion.

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