在全球能源結構加速向清潔能源轉(zhuǎn)型的大背景下，分布式光伏發(fā)電以到底有什么用呢？為什么成為能源領域的重要力量。

What is the use of distributed photovoltaic power generation in the context of accelerating the transition to clean energy in the global energy structure? Why has it become an important force in the energy sector.

它與集中式發(fā)電形成互補，為能源供應帶來了新的變革，其優(yōu)勢主要體現(xiàn)在以下多個方面。

It complements centralized power generation and brings new changes to energy supply, with its advantages mainly reflected in the following aspects.

一、靈活的能源供應模式?

1、 Flexible energy supply model

分布式光伏發(fā)電項目規(guī)模可大可小，安裝位置靈活多變，能夠充分利用建筑物屋頂、農(nóng)業(yè)大棚頂部、工業(yè)廠房等閑置空間。無論是城市中的商業(yè)樓宇、居民住宅，還是農(nóng)村的民居院落、養(yǎng)殖場，都可以成為分布式光伏發(fā)電的應用場景。這種 “就近發(fā)電、就近并網(wǎng)、就近轉(zhuǎn)換、就近使用” 的模式，減少了電力在長距離傳輸過程中的損耗。例如，在工業(yè)園區(qū)內(nèi)建設分布式光伏電站，所發(fā)電力可直接供園區(qū)內(nèi)企業(yè)使用，降低企業(yè)用電成本的同時，提高了能源利用效率 。?

Distributed photovoltaic power generation projects can be large or small in scale, with flexible installation locations that can fully utilize idle spaces such as building roofs, agricultural greenhouse roofs, and industrial plants. Whether it is commercial buildings, residential buildings in cities, or residential courtyards and farms in rural areas, they can all become application scenarios for distributed photovoltaic power generation. This mode of "generating electricity nearby, connecting to the grid nearby, converting nearby, and using nearby" reduces the loss of electricity during long-distance transmission. For example, building distributed photovoltaic power stations in industrial parks can directly supply electricity to enterprises in the park, reducing their electricity costs while improving energy efficiency. ?

二、降低電力傳輸成本?

2、 Reduce the cost of power transmission

傳統(tǒng)集中式發(fā)電需要通過高壓輸電線路將電力輸送到遠距離的負荷中心，輸電過程中會產(chǎn)生可觀的線損。而分布式光伏發(fā)電靠近用電端，電力直接在本地消納，無需大規(guī)模的輸電網(wǎng)絡建設與維護，有效降低了電力傳輸成本。此外，隨著分布式光伏的普及，還可以緩解局部地區(qū)電網(wǎng)的供電壓力，減少對大型變電站和輸電線路擴容改造的需求，進一步節(jié)約了電力基礎設施建設投資 。?

Traditional centralized power generation requires the transmission of electricity to distant load centers through high-voltage transmission lines, which can result in significant line losses during the transmission process. Distributed photovoltaic power generation is close to the power consumption end, and the electricity is directly consumed locally without the need for large-scale transmission network construction and maintenance, effectively reducing the cost of power transmission. In addition, with the popularization of distributed photovoltaics, it can also alleviate the power supply pressure of local power grids, reduce the demand for expansion and renovation of large substations and transmission lines, and further save investment in power infrastructure construction. ?

三、綠色環(huán)保，助力減排?

3、 Green and environmentally friendly, helping to reduce emissions

太陽能作為一種清潔能源，在發(fā)電過程中不產(chǎn)生溫室氣體排放，也不會產(chǎn)生廢渣、廢水等污染物。分布式光伏發(fā)電項目的廣泛應用，能夠有效減少煤炭、石油等化石能源的使用，降低二氧化碳、二氧化硫、氮氧化物等污染物的排放。據(jù)測算，每安裝 1 千瓦的分布式光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)，每年可減排二氧化碳約 1 噸 。這對于改善空氣質(zhì)量、應對氣候變化、實現(xiàn) “雙碳” 目標具有重要意義 。?

Solar energy, as a clean energy source, does not produce greenhouse gas emissions or pollutants such as waste residue and wastewater during the power generation process. The widespread application of distributed photovoltaic power generation projects can effectively reduce the use of fossil fuels such as coal and oil, and lower the emissions of pollutants such as carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides. According to calculations, installing a 1 kilowatt distributed photovoltaic power generation system can reduce carbon dioxide emissions by about 1 ton per year. This is of great significance for improving air quality, addressing climate change, and achieving the "dual carbon" goals. ?

四、提高能源安全性?

4、 Improve energy security

分布式光伏發(fā)電具有一定的獨立性，在遇到自然災害、電網(wǎng)故障等情況時，部分分布式光伏項目可脫離大電網(wǎng)獨立運行，為用戶提供應急電力保障，提高了能源供應的可靠性和安全性。例如在偏遠地區(qū)，分布式光伏系統(tǒng)可以作為獨立的供電電源，解決當?shù)鼐用裼秒婋y題，擺脫對長距離輸電線路的依賴 。?

Distributed photovoltaic power generation has a certain degree of independence. In the event of natural disasters, power grid failures, and other situations, some distributed photovoltaic projects can operate independently of the power grid, providing emergency power support for users and improving the reliability and safety of energy supply. For example, in remote areas, distributed photovoltaic systems can serve as independent power sources, solving the electricity problem for local residents and eliminating dependence on long-distance transmission lines. ?

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