很多人看到鄰居房頂裝了太陽(yáng)能板，覺得既環(huán)保又能省錢，自己也想試試。但裝之前得先算清楚這筆賬，看看你家屋頂?shù)降走m不適合。

Many people see their neighbors installing solar panels on their roofs and think it's both environmentally friendly and cost-effective, so they also want to give it a try. But before installing, you need to calculate this account and see if your roof is suitable.

一、太陽(yáng)能發(fā)電的好處看得見

1、 The benefits of solar power generation are visible

1.電費(fèi)單直接縮水

1. Direct reduction of electricity bill

在安徽，普通家庭每月用電 150 度左右。如果裝 5 千瓦的太陽(yáng)能系統(tǒng)，夏天陽(yáng)光好的時(shí)候，發(fā)的電不僅夠自家使用，多余的還能賣給電網(wǎng)。按每度電 0.6 元算，每年能省 3000-5000 元電費(fèi)，相當(dāng)于每天少花 8-14 塊錢。

In Anhui, the average household consumes around 150 kWh of electricity per month. If a 5 kW solar energy system is installed, during the sunny summer, the electricity generated will not only be enough for personal use, but the excess can also be sold to the power grid. Calculated at 0.6 yuan per kilowatt hour, it can save 3000-5000 yuan in electricity bills annually, which is equivalent to saving 8-14 yuan per day.

2.屋頂變成 “印鈔機(jī)”

2. The roof becomes a 'money printing machine'

太陽(yáng)能板壽命長(zhǎng)達(dá) 25 年，前 5-6 年就能收回成本。假設(shè)你家屋頂 50 平方米，安裝后每年發(fā)電 6000 度，按市場(chǎng)價(jià)算相當(dāng)于每年多賺 3600 元。25 年下來(lái)，相當(dāng)于多了 9 萬(wàn)元收入。

The lifespan of solar panels is up to 25 years, and the cost can be recovered in the first 5-6 years. Assuming your roof covers an area of 50 square meters and generates 6000 kilowatt hours of electricity annually after installation, it is equivalent to earning an additional 3600 yuan per year at market prices. In 25 years, it is equivalent to an additional income of 90000 yuan.

3.給地球減負(fù)

3. Reduce the burden on the Earth

每發(fā) 1 度電相當(dāng)于減少 0.85 公斤二氧化碳排放。5 千瓦系統(tǒng)每年減少的碳排放，相當(dāng)于種了 300 棵樹。如果你家小區(qū)有 100 戶都裝太陽(yáng)能，一年減少的碳排放能裝滿 2000 個(gè)熱氣球。

Each kilowatt hour of electricity is equivalent to reducing 0.85 kilograms of carbon dioxide emissions. The annual reduction in carbon emissions by a 5 kW system is equivalent to planting 300 trees. If 100 households in your community are equipped with solar energy, the annual reduction in carbon emissions can fill 2000 hot air balloons.

二、這三類屋頂更適合安裝

2、 These three types of roofs are more suitable for installation

1.“黃金屋頂” 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

1. "Golden Roof" standard

朝向：朝南或西南方向最佳，每天日照 4 小時(shí)以上

Orientation: The best direction is south or southwest, with at least 4 hours of sunlight per day

坡度：15-30 度的斜坡比平頂效率高 15%

Slope: A slope of 15-30 degrees is 15% more efficient than a flat top

結(jié)構(gòu)：混凝土屋頂承重需達(dá) 30 公斤 / 平方米，彩鋼瓦屋頂要檢查銹蝕情況

Structure: The load-bearing capacity of the concrete roof should reach 30 kilograms per square meter, and the corrosion condition of the color steel tile roof should be checked

2.特別適合的場(chǎng)景

2. Specially suitable scenarios

農(nóng)村自建房：屋頂大且電價(jià)低，裝太陽(yáng)能能賣電賺錢

Rural self built houses: large roofs and low electricity prices, installing solar energy to sell electricity and make money

工商業(yè)廠房：電費(fèi)高，白天用電量大，裝光伏能省 40% 以上電費(fèi)

Industrial and commercial plants: high electricity bills, high daytime electricity consumption, installing photovoltaic energy can save more than 40% of electricity bills

老舊小區(qū)：通過(guò) “光伏 + 改造” 模式，業(yè)主不用出錢也能享受電價(jià)優(yōu)惠

Old residential areas: Through the "photovoltaic+renovation" model, homeowners can enjoy electricity price discounts without having to pay

三、安裝前必做的三件事

3、 Three things to do before installation

檢查屋頂條件

Check the roof conditions

找專業(yè)人員測(cè)試屋頂承重，用無(wú)人機(jī)拍攝周邊環(huán)境，看看有沒(méi)有樹木或建筑遮擋陽(yáng)光。某公司實(shí)測(cè)發(fā)現(xiàn)，樹蔭遮擋會(huì)讓發(fā)電量下降 20%。

Find professionals to test the load-bearing capacity of the roof, use drones to capture the surrounding environment, and see if there are trees or buildings blocking the sunlight. A company has found through actual testing that tree shade can reduce power generation by 20%.

核算經(jīng)濟(jì)賬

Accounting for Economic Accounts

用 “光伏計(jì)算器” 輸入屋頂面積、當(dāng)?shù)仉妰r(jià)等參數(shù)，算出具體收益。比如安徽某用戶裝 10 千瓦系統(tǒng)，投資 4 萬(wàn)元，6 年回本，之后 19 年凈賺 11 萬(wàn)元。

Use the "photovoltaic calculator" to input parameters such as roof area and local electricity prices, and calculate the specific revenue. For example, a user in Anhui installed a 10 kW system, invested 40000 yuan, recouped their investment in 6 years, and earned a net profit of 110000 yuan in the following 19 years.

了解并網(wǎng)流程

Understand the grid connection process

向供電公司提交申請(qǐng)（免費(fèi)），他們會(huì)派人安裝雙向電表。并網(wǎng)后，發(fā)的電優(yōu)先自己用，用不完的按 0.38 元 / 度賣給國(guó)家電網(wǎng)。

Submit an application to the power supply company (free of charge), and they will send someone to install a two-way electricity meter. After grid connection, the electricity generated will be prioritized for personal use, and any unused electricity will be sold to State Grid at a rate of 0.38 yuan/kWh.

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